Shouder Keeps Clicking But No Pain

I had a patient come in to our clinic this week complaining that his shoulder keeps clicking and popping with occasional discomfort (but not pain).

I shared with him an article published earlier this month where 100 patients with suspected rotator cuff tendinopathy and/ or tearing underwent MRI investigation. 

Indication for MRI was when the patients had weakness on testing of the rotator cuff muscle(s) or symptoms resistant to conservative treatment . This is inclusive of at least a 6-week course of physiotherapy. The presence of subjective mechanical symptoms, including clicking or popping was recorded prior to MRI.What the researchers were looking for was the presence of full or partial thickness rotator cuff tearing and biceps long head subluxation.

Results showed that 60 percent of the patients reported subjective mechanical symptoms in their affected shoulder. However only 42 percent of patients had full thickness rotator cuff tearing, 69 percent had partial tears while only 14 percent had biceps long head subluxation.

The authors concluded that subjective mechanical symptoms were not associated with any rotator cuff tearing, biceps long head subluxation. 

However, older age was associated with partial and full thickness rotator cuff tearing. Subjective shoulder mechanical symptoms has the ability of only 44 percent in predicting partial and full thickness rotator cuff tears. Patients may be reassured that clicking or popping sensations alone does not necessarily mean structural shoulder damage.

This article highlights the difficulty of diagnosing shoulder pain/ disorders based solely on symptoms like clicking and/ or popping. I have previously written and explained about this before. The clicking and popping sounds do not really matter, especially when there is no pain. Plus abnormal MRI findings happen in patients with no pain as well.

Reference

Zhang D, Dyer GSM and Carp BE (2024). The Significance Of Subjective Mechanical Symptoms In Rotator Cuff Pathology. J Shd Elbow Surg. 3: S1058-2746(24)000227-1

Am I Crazy To Feel Pain In My Knee When My Scans Are Normal?

My patient came in yesterday saying that his knee started clicking even though he didn't feel any pain with the clicking. There were occasional twinges of pain only occasionally. However, he was worried that his knee will get worse. After assessing his knee (which turned out fine) and reassuring him, I told him my own experiences.

After I had my third knee operation (within the space of a year), my right knee started feeling better. Of course I started training again as soon as the surgeon permitted. For a start, I ran almost exclusively on grass (since it was the softest surface I could find), often going multiple rounds, to ensure that I can get my mileage since I was hoping to compete again after my injuries.  

However, I was much more sensitive about my right knee, to the point of being paranoid about every sensation I felt in the knee. Each time I was on the bus or MRT and if someone came close to my right knee, I'd move away and glare at the person for coming too close to me. Does this sound like you?

Well, it turns out this action of pain sensitization is common across other painful knee disorders as well. In patients with knee osteoarthritis, pressure from placing your hands on the knees alone can trigger pain. The good news is that this sensitization for painful knees can be treated.

The following systematic review investigated 52 studies that studied pain sensitization across four different painful knee disorders. The authors found evidence of pain sensitization in people with knee osteoarthritis, patellofemoral pain and post meniscectomy patients. They however found conflicting evidence in patients with patella tendinopathy.

The researchers found that the extent of structural joint damage in the observed knee disorders does not correlate to the severity of symptoms. Hence, pain is not necessarily a 'signal' from a joint or area that is damaged.  Meaning x-rays or MRI results does not correlate with pain. Some patients have no 'damage' on x-ray/ MRI but have a lot of pain, while others with lots of damage on film may have no pain.

Many factors play a role to determine if a person will perceive a stimulus as painful or not since pain can be a complex experience that is associated with memories, belief and social context. Anxiety, depression, fear of movement, viewing their condition considerably worse than it actually is may also play a part.

It is suggested that repetitive stimulation may lead to subsequent sensitization of the nervous system. This include loading of the knee joint, ongoing inflammation at the knee joint or related tissues and altered biochemical markers. These factors contribute and maintain the pain sensitization in the knees.

In patients with knee osteoarthritis and patellofemoral joint pain, pain sensitization can be treated through exercise therapy, mobilization, pharmacological (yes, painkillers) and surgical intervention. Correct exercise is recommended for treatment of painful knees. There is the incorrect belief that exercise may harm the joint cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis.

If doctors, surgeons and physiotherapists focus less on x-rays/ MRI's and more on factors (including psychosocial factors mentioned above) relating to each patient's pain and disability, there will be more opportunities for collaboration and improved treatment outcomes.

Reference

De Oliveira Silva D, Rathleff MS, Petersen K et al (2019). Manifestations Of Pain Sensitization Across Different Painful Knee Disorders: A Systematic Review Including Meta-analysis And Metaregression. Pain Med. 20(2): 335-358. DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny177.